Marzano




	In the book Classroom Instruction that Works, a meta analysis was performed on the effect of several instructional strategies listed below. The McRel study showed significant differences when comparing the experimental group to the control group. Based on the results of the study, those students exposed to the instructional strategies had an average net increase of one standard deviation above the overall mean score of the control group. The study also recommends the inclusion all of these strategies to increase the probability for a net increase in test scores.

	Educational Strategies	Gains
	Identifying Similarities and Differences	45%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Identifying Similarities and Differences

	Metaphors - Similies - Opposites - Etc.

	Compare and Contrast Strategy in a Classroom

	Compare and Contrast

	K-2 From Fact to Fiction: Drawing and Writing Stories Read Write and Think Lesson Plans Interactive Venn Diagrams A Frog Story Compare and Contrast Maps Classifying Word Families Write Design
	Examples-
	Thinking Maps, T-charts, Venn diagrams, classifying, analogies, cause and effect links, compare and contrast organizers

	Four strategies in the Identifying Similarities and Differences category.
	1. Comparing 2. Classifying 3. Creating Metaphors 4. Creating Analogies


	Summarizing and Note Taking	34%

	Marzano's Instructional Strategies - Summarizing & Note Taking

	Common Core Speaking and Listening 2: Note Taking


	Examples-
	Teacher models summarization techniques, identify key concepts, bullets, outlines, clusters, narrative organizers, journal summaries, break down assignments, create simple reports, quick writes, graphic organizers, column notes, affinity diagrams, etc.


	Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition	29%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Reinforcing Effort & Providing Recognition

	Classroom Behavior? There's an App for That

	Creating a Positive Tone with a "Pat on the Back" (Video 1:21 Min.)

	Examples-
	Hold high expectations, display finished products, praise students’ effort, encourage students to share ideas and express their thoughts, honor individual learning styles, conference individually with students, authentic portfolios, stress-free environment, high-fives, Spelling Bee, Constitution Day, School Newspaper, etc.


	Increasing Value in Homework and Practices	28%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Assigning Homework & Providing Practice

	Example-
	Retell, recite and review learning for the day at home, reflective journals, parents are informed of the goals and objectives, grade level teams plan together for homework distribution; SLCs; teacher email.


	Using Non-Linguistic Representations	27%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Nonlinguistic Representations (VIDEO 3:31 Min.)

	Examples-
	Visual tools and manipulatives, problem-solution organizers, spider webs, diagrams, concept maps, drawings, charts, thinking maps, graphic organizers, sketch to stretch, storyboards, foldables, act out content, make physical models, etc.



	Incorporating Co-Operative Learning Effectively	27%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Cooperative Learning

	Cooperative Learning Tool - Silent Card Shuffle

	Examples-
	Integrate content and language through group engagement, reader’s theatre, pass the pencil, circle of friends, cube it, radio reading, shared reading and writing, plays, science projects, debates, jigsaw, group reports, choral reading, affinity diagrams, Students tackle TAKS word problems in groups and explain their answers, etc.



	Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback	23%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Setting Objectives & Providing Feedback

	Effective Student Feedback


	Examples-
	Articulating and displaying learning goals, KWL, contract learning goals, etc. Teacher can display objectives on the in-focus projector and follow-up on the mastery of the objective at the end of the lesson.



	Generating and Testing Hypothesis	23%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Generating and Testing Hypotheses

	Generating & Testing Hypotheses Elementary


	Examples-
	Thinking processes, constructivist practices, investigate, explore, social construction of knowledge, use of inductive and deductive reasoning, questioning the author of a book, finding other ways to solve same math problem, etc.



	Utilizing Questions, Cues, & Advanced Organizers	22%

	Classroom Instruction That Works - Advance Organizers (Video 4:15 Min.)

	Essential and Guiding Questions (Video 1:55 Min.)

	Think Alouds (Video 2:55 Min.)

	Inferencing in Reading (Video 6:49 Min.)

	Deductive Reasoning (Video 2:30 Min.)

	Inductive Reasoning (Video 3:45 Min.)

	Graphic Organizers

	Examples-
	Graphic organizers, provide guiding questions before each lesson, think alouds, inferencing, predicting, drawing conclusions, skim chapters to identify key vocabulary, concepts and skills, foldables, annotating the text, etc.